Психологическое воздействие «экранного времени» и «зеленого времени» на детей и подростков. Обзор современных исследований

Авторы

  • Эльвира Брониславовна Дунаевская Российский государственный педагогический университет им. А. И. Герцена https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8284

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33910/2687-0223-2024-6-1-33-39

Ключевые слова:

«экранное время», «зеленое время», дошкольники, младшие школьники, подростки, нейропсихологические системы

Аннотация

В работе делается попытка описать современные представления о новых понятиях, таких как «зеленое время» и «экранное время», используемые в зарубежных и отечественных исследованиях. «Зеленое время» определяется как время, проведенное в природной среде. В него включены: непроизвольное воздействие зеленых насаждений и/или элементов природы, нахождение в озелененных жилых домах, доступность зеленых насаждений, общественных парков, целевое использование зеленых насаждений, общественных парков, частных садов или зеленой инфраструктуры; деятельность, связанная с природой, такая как путешествия по естественным природным ландшафтам, садоводство, серфинг или игры на свежем воздухе; образовательная среда вне класса, лесные школы и детские сады. «Экранное время» определяется как время, потраченное на использование экранных технологий, таких как телевизоры, компьютеры / ноутбуки, видеоигры, смартфоны, планшеты / iPad и портативные электронные или игровые устройства. Представлены результаты зарубежных исследований психологического воздействия «экранного времени» и «зеленого времени» на детей и подростков. Увеличение времени нахождения молодых людей в использовании экранных технологий (экранное время), сокращает возможности молодых людей соприкасаться с природой (зеленое время). Такое сочетание большого количества времени перед экраном, проведенного за компьютером и малого количества времени, воссоединения с природой, может повлиять на психическое здоровье и благополучие. Целью обзора было описать результаты исследований, в которых изучались вопросы, связанные с количеством времени, проведенным перед экраном, и временем, проведенным в зелени, а также психологические последствия (включая психическое здоровье, когнитивные функции и академическую успеваемость) у детей младшего возраста (до 5 лет), школьников (5–11 лет), ранних подростков (12–14 лет) и старших подростков (15–18 лет). Оригинальные количественные исследования были проанализированы в четырех базах данных (PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, Embase), в результате чего было найдено 186 подходящих исследований. Треть включенных исследований была проведена в Европе и почти столько же в США. Есть предварительные данные о том, что время, проведенное в зелени, может смягчить последствия длительного времени перед экраном, поэтому природа может быть недостаточно используемым ресурсом общественного здравоохранения для психологического благополучия молодежи в эпоху высоких технологий.

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Опубликован

30.04.2024

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