Взаимосвязи аспектов осознанности (mindfulness) и характеристик темперамента у спортсменов

Авторы

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33910/2687-0223-2023-5-4-237-247

Ключевые слова:

осознанность, майндфулнесс, темперамент, циклические виды спорта, спортивный стресс

Аннотация

Известно, что практика осознанности способствует лучшему умению бороться со спортивным стрессом. Исследование взаимосвязей между осознанностью (mindfulness, МФ) как личностной чертой и темпераментом может прояснить природу МФ и внести вклад в оптимизацию практических занятий МФ в спорте. Цель данного исследования — изучение взаимосвязей между аспектами МФ (личностными чертами) и темпераментом у молодых людей, занимающихся спортом. Методы: в исследовании приняли участие 37 спортсменов циклических видов спорта (лыжные гонки и легкая атлетика; средний возраст участников — 20,6 лет ± 2,08 года). При психологическом тестировании использовались следующие тесты: 1) пятифакторный опросник осознанности (FFMQ), 2) методика диагностики темперамента (FCB-TI, Я. Стреляу), 3) тест на личностную тревожность Спилбергера — Ханина. В результате исследавания выяснено, что баллы по шкале «Действие с осознанностью» (МФ) и по шкалам «Динамичность» и «Выносливость» (Стреляу) значимо выше, а по шкалам «Эмоциональная реактивность» и «Настойчивость» (Стреляу) ниже у спортсменов циклических видов спорта по сравнению с неспортсменами (р < 0,01). Сильная положительная корреляционная связь отмечена между «Сенсорной чувствительностью» и «Общим баллом МФ» (r = 0,61, p < 0,05). С помощью анализа главных компонент (далее — ГК) выявлены два основных фактора, объясняющих 3/4 всей дисперсии переменных FFMQ и FCB-TI. Первая ГК включает в себя «Описание», «Действие с осознанностью», «Сенсорную чувствительность» и «Настойчивость» («Способность концентрироваться на настоящем моменте и психологическую гибкость»), а вторая ГК — «Активность», направленную вовне, «Эмоциональную реактивность» и «Наблюдение» («Экстраверсию и нейротизм»). Вывод: у спортсменов циклических видов спорта МФ и темперамент взаимосвязаны и определяются двумя основными факторами.

Библиографические ссылки

ЛИТЕРАТУРА

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Cohen, L., Manion, L., Morrison, K. (2007) Research methods in education. 6th ed. Oxford: Routledge Publ., 638 p. (In English)

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Saeed, S. A., Cunningham, K., Bloch, R. M. (2019) Depression and anxiety disorders: Benefits of exercise, yoga, and meditation. American Family Physician, vol. 99, no. 10, pp. 620–627. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31083878 (In English)

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29.12.2023

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