The use of psychophysiological tools to study the concept of “mechanism” in linguistic research

Authors

Kristina A. Ovchinnikova Novosibirsk National Research State University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-0586
Eugeny G. Vergunov Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8352-5368

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33910/2687-0223-2023-5-1-14-25

Keywords:

mechanisms, 2B-PLS, humanities, natural sciences, exact sciences, technical sciences, social sciences

Abstract

The concept of “mechanism” has long been considered by researchers, and its meaning acquires various connotations depending of the particular research area. However, in linguistics the concept of mechanism is vague, the studies on the topic are scarce, and mathematical tools for identifying mechanisms do not provide the opportunities that modern analysis provides in interdisciplinary research.

The paper shows the effectiveness of 2B-PLS, which has proven itself in interdisciplinary research, for problems of mathematical linguistics. The 2B-PLS model can be trained, using questions, to deploy predictors in the right way to get the most informative answer to a number of questions posed to the model.

We took 100 Russian-language research publications dated 2005-2020 to analyse the occurrence of the term “mechanism”. The articles of the corpus belong to scientific collections: humanitarian, natural, exact, social and technical sciences. The total number of occurrences of the term “mechanism” is 104, while the total number of words usages in the corpus is 370.8 thousand.

Based on the corpus, we showed that the term “mechanism” is a significant element of the style of research articles: it is used in 37 articles out of 100. The frequency of the term showed no significant correlation with the number of articles by year.

The 2B-PLS model showed that the work of linguistics mechanisms expresses general system regularities and particular specifics of datasets.

According to the 2B-PLS model, more recent articles in humanities and exact sciences discuss results in terms of their mechanisms in more detail than older works in the technical and social sciences (contrast groups). At the same time, in the periods with rare publication of the articles in the corpus, more recent articles in humanities used the term “mechanism” in one publication less often than the articles in natural, social and technical sciences (contrast groups).

References

ИСТОЧНИКИ

Научная электронная библиотека «КиберЛенинка». (2022) CYBERLENINKA. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/ (дата обращения 20.09.2022).

ЛИТЕРАТУРА

Алмаев, Н. А. (2012) Применение контент-анализа в исследованиях личности. М.: Институт психологии РАН, 167 с.

Алмаев, Н. А., Мурашева, О. В. (2022) Тематический анализ дискуссий с применением метода латентного размещения Дирихле. Институт психологии Российской академии наук. Социальная и экономическая психология, т. 7, № 1 (25), с. 47–69. https://doi.org/10.38098/ipran.sep_2022_25_1_03

Горбунов, Ю. В. (2018) О понятии «механизм» в экономических науках. Экономика. Профессия. Бизнес, т. 2, № 2, с. 17–21. https://doi.org/10.14258/201819

Де Соссюр, Ф. (1977) Труды по языкознанию. М.: Прогресс, 695 с.

Дмитриев, И. В. (2005) Контент-анализ: сущность, задачи, процедуры. Пси-фактор. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://psyfactor.org/lib/k-a.htm (дата обращения 20.10.2022).

Ковалева, В. Ю., Поздняков, А. А., Литвинов, Ю. Н., Ефимов, В. М. (2019) Оценка сопряженности морфогенетических молекулярно-генетических модулей изменчивости серых полевок Microtus S.L. в градиентных условиях среды. Экологическая генетика, т. 17, № 2, с. 21–34. https://doi.org/10.17816/ecogen17221-34

Комлев, Н. Г. (2006) Словарь иностранных слов (более 4500 слов и выражений). М.: Эксмо, 669 c.

Костюшкина, Г. М. (2012) В поисках системообразующего механизма в языке. Вестник Иркутского государственного лингвистического университета, № 2s (18), с. 128–133.

Кривощеков, С. Г., Николаева, Е. И., Вергунов, Е. Г., Приходько, А. Ю. (2022) Многомерный анализ показателей тормозного и автономного контроля при ортостазе и в эмоциональных ситуациях. Физиология человека, т. 48, № 1, с. 26–37. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0131164621060059

Лайонз, Д. (1978) Введение в теоретическую лингвистику. М.: Прогресс, 543 с.

Мартюшов, В. Ф. (2015) Понятие «механизм» в контексте изучения социальных процессов. Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Философия, № 3, с. 94–103.

Попов, В. П., Крайнюченко, И. В. (2012) Теория и анализ систем. Пятигорск: Изд-во ПГГТУ, 236 с.

Теньер, Л. (1988) Основы структурного синтаксиса. М.: Прогресс, 656 с.

Ушаков, Д. Н. (2004) Большой толковый словарь русского языка. М.: АСТ, 1268 с.

Хомский, Н. (2015) Создавая будущее: Оккупации, вторжения, имперское мышление и стабильность. М.: Альпина нон-фикшн, 316 с.

Blei, D. M., Ng, A. Y., Jordan, M. I. (2003) Latent Dirichlet allocation. Journal of Machine Learning Research, vol. 3, рр. 993–1022.

Garla, A. (2021) NMF — A visual explainer and Python implementation. Towards Data Science, 18 March. [Online]. Available at: https://towardsdatascience.com/nmf-a-visual-explainer-and-python-implementation-7ecdd73491f8 (accessed 18.10.22).

Greenhalgh, T., Wong, G., Jagosh, J. et al. (2015) Protocol—the RAMESES II study: Developing guidance and reporting standards for realist evaluation. BMJ Open, vol. 5, article e008567. http://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008567

Keller, R. (1994) On language change: The invisible hand in language. London; New York: Routledge Publ., 182 p.

Krippendorp, K. (2004) Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publ., 422 p.

Landauer, T. K., Foltz, P. W., Laham, D. (1998) An introduction to latent semantic analysis. Discourse Processes Journal, vol. 25, no. 2-3, pp. 259–284. https://doi.org/10.1080/01638539809545028

Lee, D., Seung, H. (1999) Learning the parts of objects by non-negative matrix factorization. Nature, vol. 401, no. 6755, pp. 788–791. https://doi.org/10.1038/44565

Machamer, P., Darden, L., Craver, C. (2000) Thinking about mechanisms. Philosophy of Science, vol. 67, no. 1. [Online]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1086/392759 (accessed 18.10.22).

Nikolaeva, E.I., Efimova, V. L., Vergunov, E. G. (2022) Integration of vestibular and auditory information in ontogenesis. Children, vol. 9, no. 3, article 401. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9030401

Polunin, D, Shtaiger, I, Efimov, V. (2019) JACOBI4 software for multivariate analysis of biological data. bioRxiv. [Online]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1101/803684 (accessed 18.10.22).

Rännar, S., Lindgren, F., Geladi, P., Wold, S. (1994) A PLS kernel algorithm for data sets with many variables and fewer objects. Part 1: Theory and algorithm. Journal of Chemometrics, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 111–125. https://doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180080204

Rohlf, F. J., Corti, M. (2000) Use of two-block partial least-squares to study covariation in shape. Systematic Biology, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 740–753. https://doi.org/10.1080/106351500750049806

Savostyanov, A. N., Vergunov, E. G., Saprygin, A. E., Lebedkin, D. A. (2022) Validation of a face image assessment technology to study the dynamics of human functional states in the EEG resting-state paradigm. Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding, vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 765–772. https://doi.org/10.18699/VJGB-22-92

Vergunov, E. G. (2022) Coping space transformation at different levels of university training during the pandemic and the assessment of its integral indicators. Kompleksnye issledovaniya detstva — Comprehensive Child Studies, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 115–123. https://doi.org/10.33910/2687-0223-2022-4-2-115-123

SOURCES

Nauch’naya electronnaya biblioteka “KiberLeninka” [Scientific electronic library “CyberLeninka”]. (2022) CYBERLENINKA. [Online]. Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/ (accessed 20.09.2022). (In Russian)

REFERENCES

Almaev, N. A. (2012) Primenenie kontent-analiza v issledovaniyakh lichnosti [The use of content analysis in personality research]. Moscow: Institute of Psychology of Russian Academy of Sciences Publ., 167 p. (In Russian)

Almaev, N. A., Murasheva, O. V (2022) Tematicheskij analiz diskussij s primeneniem metoda latentnogo razmeshcheniya Dirikhle [Thematic analysis of discussions using the latent Dirichlet allocotion]. Institut psikhologii Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Sotsial’naya i ekonomicheskaya psikhologiya — Institute of Psychology Russian Academy of Sciences. Social and Economic Psychology, vol. 7, no. 1 (25), pp. 47–69. https://doi.org/10.38098/ipran.sep_2022_25_1_03 (In Russian)

Blei, D. M., Ng, A. Y., Jordan, M. I. (2003) Latent Dirichlet allocation. Journal of Machine Learning Research, vol. 3, рр. 993–1022. (In English)

de Saussure, F. (1977) Trudy po yazykoznaniyu [Works on linguistics]. Moscow: Progress Publ., 695 p. (In Russian)

Dmitriev, I. V. (2005) Kontent-analiz: sushchnost’, zadachi, protsedury [Content analyzis: Entity, tasks, procedure]. Psi-faktor [Psyfactor]. [Online]. Available at: https://psyfactor.org/lib/k-a.htm (accessed 20.10.2022). (In Russian)

Garla, A. (2021) NMF—a visual explainer and Python implementation. Towards Data Science, 18 March. [Online]. Available at: https://towardsdatascience.com/nmf-a-visual-explainer-and-python-implementation-7ecdd73491f8 (accessed 18.10.22). (In English)

Chomsky, N. (2015) Making the future. Occupations, interventions, empire and resistance. Мoscow: Alpina Non- Fiction Publ., 316 p (In Russian)

Gorbunov, Yu. V. (2018) O ponyatii “mekhanizm” v ekonomicheskikh naukakh [Towards the mechanism conception in economic]. Ekonomika. Professiya. Biznes — Economics. Profession. Business, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 17–21. https://doi.org/10.14258/201819 (In Russian)

Greenhalgh, T., Wong, G., Jagosh, J. et al. (2015) Protocol — the RAMESES II study: Developing guidance and reporting standards for realist evaluation. BMJ Open, vol. 5, article e008567. http://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008567 (In English)

Keller, R. (1994) On language change: The invisible hand in language. London; New York: Routledge Publ., 182 p. (In English)

Khomskij, N. (2015) Sozdavaya budushchee: Okkupatsii, vtorzheniya, imperskoe myshlenie i stabil’nost’ [Creating the future: Occupations, invasions, imperial thinking and stability]. Moscow: Al’pina non-fikshn, 316 p. (In Russian)

Komlev, N. G. (2006) Slovar’ inostrannykh slov (bolee 4500 slov i vyrazhenij) [Dictionary of foreign words (more than 4500 words and expressions). Moscow: Eksmo Publ., 669 p. (In Russian)

Kostyushkina, G. M. (2012) V poiskakh sistemoobrazuyushchego mekhanizma v yazyke [Research of systemic mechanism in language]. Vestnik Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo lingvisticheskogo universiteta, no. 2s (18), pp. 128–133. (In Russian)

Kovaleva, V. Yu., Pozdnyakov, A. A., Litvinov, Yu. N., Efimov, V. M. (2019) Otsenka sopryazhennosti morfogeneticheskikh molekulyarno-geneticheskikh modulej izmenchivosti serykh polevok Microtus S.L. v gradientnykh usloviyakh sredy [Estimation of the conjugation between morphogenetic and molecular-genetic modules of gray voles Microtus S.L. variability along a climatic gradient conditions]. Ekologicheskaya genetika — Ecological Genetics, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 21–34. https://doi.org/10.17816/ecogen17221-34 (In Russian)

Krippendorp, K. (2004) Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publ., 422 p. (In English)

Krivoshchekov, S. G., Nikolaeva, E. I., Vergunov, E. G., Prikhod’ko, A. Yu. (2022) Mnogomernyj analiz pokazatelej tormoznogo i avtonomnogo kontrolya pri ortostaze i v emotsional’nykh situatsiyakh [Multivariate analysis of indicators of inhibitory and autonomic control in orthostasis and emotional situations]. Fiziologiya cheloveka — Human Physiology, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 26–37. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0131164621060059 (In Russian)

Lajonz, D. (1978) Vvedenie v teoreticheskuyu lingvistiku [Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics]. Moscow: Progress Publ., 543 p. (in Russian)

Landauer, T. K., Foltz, P. W., Laham, D. (1998) An introduction to latent semantic analysis. Discourse Processes Journal, vol. 25, no. 2-3, pp. 259–284. https://doi.org/10.1080/01638539809545028 (In English)

Lee, D., Seung, H. (1999) Learning the parts of objects by non-negative matrix factorization. Nature, vol. 401, no. 6755, pp. 788–791. https://doi.org/10.1038/44565. (In English)

Machamer, P., Darden, L., Craver, C. (2000) Thinking about mechanisms. Philosophy of Science, vol. 67, no. 1. [Online]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1086/392759 (accessed 18.10.22). (In English)

Martyushov, V. F. (2015) Ponyatie “mekhanizm” v kontekste izucheniya sotsial’nykh protsessov [The concept of “mechanism” in the context of the study of social processes]. Vestnik Tverskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Filosofiya — Vestnik Tver State University. Series: Philosophy, no. 3, pp. 94–103. (In Russian)

Nikolaeva, E. I., Efimova, V. L., Vergunov, E. G. (2022) Integration of vestibular and auditory information in ontogenesis. Children, vol. 9, no. 3, article 401. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9030401. (In English)

Polunin, D, Shtaiger, I, Efimov, V. (2019) JACOBI4 software for multivariate analysis of biological data. bioRxiv. [Online]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1101/803684 (accessed 18.10.22). (In English)

Popov, V. P., Krajnyuchenko, I. V. (2012) Teoriya i analiz sistem [Theory and analysis of systems]. Pyatigorsk: Pyatigorskij gosudarstvennyj gumanitarno-tekhnologicheskij universitet Publ., 236 p. (In Russian)

Rännar, S., Lindgren, F., Geladi, P., Wold, S. (1994) A PLS kernel algorithm for data sets with many variables and fewer objects. Part 1: Theory and algorithm. Journal of Chemometrics, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 111–125. https://doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180080204 (In English)

Rohlf, F. J., Corti, M. (2000) Use of two-block partial least-squares to study covariation in shape. Systematic Biology, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 740–753. https://doi.org/10.1080/106351500750049806 (In English)

Savostyanov, A. N., Vergunov, E. G., Saprygin, A. E., Lebedkin, D. A. (2022) Validation of a face image assessment technology to study the dynamics of human functional states in the EEG resting-state paradigm. Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding, vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 765–772. https://doi.org/10.18699/VJGB-22-92 (In English)

Tesnière, L. (1988) Osnovy strukturnogo sintaksisa [Fundamentals of structural syntax]. Moscow: Progress Publ., 656 p. (In Russian)

Ushakov, D. N. (2004) Bol’shoj tolkovyj slovar’ russkogo yazyka [Big explanatory dictionary of the Russian language]. Moscow: AST Publ., 1268 p. (In Russian)

Vergunov, E. G. (2022) Coping space transformation at different levels of university training during the pandemic and the assessment of its integral indicators. Kompleksnye issledovaniya detstva — Comprehensive Child Studies, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 115–123. https://doi.org/10.33910/2687-0223-2022-4-2-115-123 (In Russian)

The use of psychophysiological tools to study the concept of “mechanism” in linguistic research

Authors

DOI:

Keywords:

Abstract

References

Downloads

Published

Issue

Section

License

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Information

Make a Submission

Language

organizations

Policy

Indexing