Выгорание родителя как крайняя степень родительского стресса и его влияние на развитие ребенка (обзор литературы)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33910/2687-0223-2025-7-1-47-57Ключевые слова:
родительский стресс, выгорание родителя, влияние родительского выгорания на развитие ребенкаАннотация
Интерес к теме родительского выгорания вырос и продолжает расти в мире, особенно после пандемии, когда родители были вынуждены оставаться со своими детьми в «четырех стенах» на протяжении большого количества времени. По данным исследований, в настоящее время родительское выгорание диагностируется у 5–6 % родителей, причем оно может возникать не только у родителей детей с особенностями в развитии, проблемами здоровья, но и у родителей нормально развивающихся детей. В данном обзоре представлен теоретический анализ современного состояния проблемы родительского выгорания как крайней степени родительского стресса, который, в свою очередь, может возникать в силу неприятия человеком роли родителя или в силу внешних факторов, влияющих и на родителя, и на ребенка.
Таким образом, в данной статье описаны факторы появления родительского стресса и родительского выгорания, самым важным из которых, по нашему мнению, является готовность или неготовность к материнству. Проанализированы данные о влиянии стресса на физическое и психологическое состояние родителя, а также способы и пути выхода из него. Представлены диагностические инструменты для оценки родительского стресса и родительского выгорания, раскрыта разница в данных состояниях. Проанализированы данные о последствиях влияния родительского выгорания через измененные детско-родительские отношения на всестороннее развитие ребенка: когнитивное, эмоциональное, физическое. Сделаны выводы о необходимости профилактической помощи матерям, а также о необходимости программы, направленной на подготовку матерей к выполнению родительской роли.
Библиографические ссылки
ИСТОЧНИКИ
Международная классификация болезней 11-го пересмотра (МКБ-11). (2025) [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://mkb11.online/129350 (дата обращения 02.01.2025).
American psychological association: Official website. (2025) [Online]. Available at: https://www.apa.org/ (accessed 02.01.2025).
SOURCES
Mezdunarodnaya klassifikatsia boleznej 11-ogo peresmotra [International classification of diseases of the 11th revision]. (2025) [Online]. Available at: https://mkb11.online/129350 (accessed 02.01.2025) (In Russian)
American psychological association: Official website. (2025) Available at: https://www.apa.org/ (accessed 02.01.2025) (In English)
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