Кратковременные и долговременные последствия коронавирусной инфекции для организма (обзор)

Авторы

  • Нина Александровна Соболева Российский государственный педагогический университет им. А. И. Герцена https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1221-1449

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33910/2687-0223-2022-4-2-134-141

Ключевые слова:

COVID-19, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, долгосрочные последствия, ЦНС, коронавирусная инфекция

Аннотация

На сегодняшний день по данным COVID-19 Data Repository by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University, в мире зарегистрировано 250 млн случаев заболевания, а также 5,05 млн летальных исходов, что практически равно населению второго крупнейшего города в России — Санкт-Петербургу. Согласно актуальным данным, лидирующими странами по заболеваемости и количеству летальных исходов являются США (46,4 млн случаев заболевания), Индия (34,4 млн случаев заболевания), Бразилия (21,9 млн), Великобритания (9,3 млн) и Россия (8,65), что связано среди прочих причин и с большой численностью населения этих стран.

Новая коронавирусная инфекция привела к пандемии и оставила отпечаток на физическом, психическом, психологическом здоровье, а также социально-экономической составляющей мирового населения. На сегодняшний день существуют данные о неблагоприятных последствиях аналогичных заболеваний, вызванных коронавирусами, а именно ближневосточным респираторным синдромом (MERS) и тяжелым острым респираторным синдромом (SARS). Полученные сведения говорят о том, что COVID-19 отрицательно влияет на различные системы человеческого организма (респираторная, сердечно-сосудистая, иммунная, нервная).

Вирус SARS-CoV-2 проникает в клетку человека через функциональный рецептор, который использовал и SARS-CoV, — ангиотензинпревращающий фермент 2, однако у SARS-CoV-2 отмечено большее рецепторное сродство с ним, что облегчает его проникновение в организм. Вирус оказывается в тех тканях, где представлены эти рецепторы.

К возможным последствиям заболевания относят энцефалит, токсическую энцефалопатию, острые демиелинизирующие поражения. Уже имеющиеся неврологические заболевания могут быть обострены вмешательством коронавируса.

Далее будут раскрыты краткосрочные неблагоприятные последствия для здоровья, а также риск потенциальных долговременных негативных последствий COVID-19.

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26.07.2022

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