Нужно ли учить дошкольников чтению: дискуссия об уроках грамоты в дошкольных учреждениях в Китае

Авторы

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33910/2687-0223-2022-4-1-22-31

Ключевые слова:

обучение грамоте, дошкольник в Китае, нормативные документы, история вопроса, переходные классы, освоение грамоты, дошкольные учреждения, Пиньинь, китайский иероглиф

Аннотация

Проблема обучения грамоте детей дошкольного возраста в Китае в отличие от других стран является сложной и важной для государства и родителей. Особая острота этой проблемы связана с постоянными изменениями официальной политики по историческим причинам, беспокойством родителей, чрезмерными учебными нагрузками детей дошкольного возраста.

В статье рассматривается проблема начальных этапов освоения грамоты дошкольниками Китая, предлагается обоснование начала этого периода, а также освещается дискуссия по вопросу о возможности обучения грамоте в дошкольных учреждениях в Китае.

В Китае в течение многих лет ведутся споры о необходимости и возможности обучения грамоте детей дошкольного возраста. Анализируя позицию родителей и рекомендации официальных государственных органов образования, автор аргументирует целесообразность существования дошкольных переходных классов, в которых китайские дошкольники осваивают грамоту. С обнародованием новой политики, на первый взгляд, Китай законсервировал дошкольные переходные классы, но на самом деле государство передает ответственность за переход от дошкольного к школьному образованию начальным классам школ, подчеркивая, что этот переход должен быть завершен в первом классе, чтобы дошкольники могли лучше адаптироваться к начальной школе.

На основе описания процесса обучения грамоте в статье излагается точка зрения относительно порядка изучения китайских иероглифов и Пиньинь (Пиньинь — это китайский фонетический алфавит, система букв, передающая звуковую оболочку слов). Автор показывает, как процессы изучения Пиньинь и китайских иероглифов взаимодействуют и дополняют друг друга.

Библиографические ссылки

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16.04.2022

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